Application Of Industrial Organizational Psychology

Application Of industrial Organizational PsychologyApplication of industrial/Organizational PsychologyTwo eccentrics of psychological schools admit wizs that argon cogent, and others that are applied. Industrial psychology is an applied field of study. The basic premise of industrial psychology is the utilization of certain methodologies and other hypotheses to prevail over the problems in other areas of study, such as in businesses, corporations, and many more (Marks Murray et al., 2005). incompatible researchers break contrastive meanings applied to the concept. For example, Blum and Naylor (1968) define it as simply the act or extension of psychological facts and principles to the problems concerning gay beings operating within the condition of business and industry (Milton et al., 1968., p. 4). Industrial psychology helps educate which theories or types of motif there are, as good as why certain categories of need are chosen.MY NEWLY-ACQUIRED UNDERSTANDING, APPLICAB ILITY OF THAT KNOWLEDGE, AND RESPECT FOR INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY farm proscribed carrying out the Differing TypesFirst, industrial psychology is nonhing more than applying psychology to organizations and the workplace. In effectuate to complete this successfully, one must scrutinize and look into how actions and mentalities piece of tail be more efficient via genuine processes of hiring, better curriculum in the training, and improved expressions of inquiry (Building Better Organizations). I believe job death penalty amongst others I will discuss is one of the key aspects to an organizations success or failure. Performance is done at completely levels, from the entry-level workers up to the top executive officers. How well one does his or her job (job cognitive process) could either wreak havoc or produce effective results for a company. Job implementation and its accomplishments by workers performances is a very critical facet that can relate to organisation al actualizations and even positive outcomes. Campbell (1990) devised one of the more accepted performance theories.Performance is something an single actualizes. Second, we pull in adequacy. It is another facet alike which is explicated as the crux of the matter of a precise malleable phenomenon of performance, efficiency, and productivity. Industrial drive serves a sheer(a) part in consummations and success in those achievements. The key point is that performance in terms of ones job has to be germane to the desired goal. Thus, progression is mutually exclusive to activities where intentions are dissipated in accomplishing incidental goals and desires. The go bad portion of job performance I will focus on is multidimensionality. Job performance is not a sole unipolar construct. heaps of employment opportunities, where severally respective(prenominal) accomplishment standards are required. Thus, actualization in terms of ones job is conceived as a dimension with striation s of variants. This facet is made up of more than a single type of look (Campbell, 1990).Work Motivation One of the Key Factors in Organizational achiever and ExpansionThere is no doubt that demand is one of the well-nigh potent weapons in an employees arsenal. Motivation is what drives one to work harder, smarter, or fair(a) do the bare minimum. Reasons for one being motivated to do something is by means of dominateing a desired reward, such as food, specie, cautious things, goals, etc. However, Geen (1994) has say that indigence for an action by a someone whitethorn likewise be beca utilisation of less-obvious explications, such as altruism or ethics. Furthermore, Geen (1994) postulates that pauperization points out to the start, direction, thrust, and perpetuation of the behavior of mountain in any setting.Types of Motivation ordinary SpecificMany types of motivation exist in the workplace and in every other organization one may be fate and working for. Three general types of motivations are physiological, cognitive, and social motivation. Physiological motivation is explained by a drive to eat, have sex, sleep, etc. Cognitive motivation is more around achievements and aspirations. Social motivations, or soly uncommon or rare, have to do with affiliation motivations. There are to a fault two types of motivation that are termed intrinsic and amodal value motivation, which are integral to understanding the mature plethora of knowledge regarding how motivation plays a key role in organizations. tho, there are specific types of motivation that underlie these general modes of motivation that need to be addressed.The first specific type of motivation that I will discuss is the achievement motivation. Accomplishment motivation is the will to obtain and reach a certain goal or goals (Shah Shah, 2010). One with the inspiration to succeed desires aspirations ultimately reach achievement. There is also motivation by affiliation. Motivation by amalgamation is an inner drive to come to life with hatful in terms of a gregarious basis. These types of motivators are much given compliments for their outstanding working mentalities and the ability to work with others well. competency motivation is a type of motivation which is generally looked that the persons ambition to do something well, paving way for the person to perpetrate in high precious work.Motivation in terms of designer is one of the more familiar types and has often been ab utilise and misused (Abuse Facts, 2009). Indeed, Abraham Lincoln once said, Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a mans character, give him power. Receiving power will release everything you need to know some a person. Is he or she using the power for the better of customers and employees? Is he or she using it arbitrarily in improper ways? The total thing close to the motivation for power is that you can use the achievement motivation technique to reach a pow erful position and cover your co-workers in a benevolent manner.That is what I had to do when I reached the power of a supervisor in the Marine Corps. But I used the power to be able to look out for the welfare of my force and to order troops to do humane and logical things. I never abused it. The fifth motivation type that is common and involves a lot of psychological methodologies is the attitude motivation. It is how psyches contemplate and feel ablazely. We are talking about ones self-image of ones self. The sixth motivation type is extremely common and perhaps the most common, which is the incentive motivation. Such persons do things-like high quality work-in order to obtain an award.It is much like B.F. Skinners operant conditioning. Car salesmen work on this type of motivation because the more cars they sell, they are not only entrap in different positions with higher responsibilities, but they get more money because of it. Money is a big incentive award that almost ever yone strives for. nation need to pay bills, get food, and pay their mortgages to live under a roof. Hence, money, whether implicitly or explicitly, is a reward that every working person strives for. The only question is to what degree they strive for achievement to make money. Last, we have the motivation of fear. Abhorrence motivation forces an individual to behave against his or her will. why is it so important? The job at hand gets done quicker and pleases the superiors, although the work may be far from adequate.Two types of instinctual drives for motivation imply intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is when plurality are enticed to participate in some bustle in the absence of any genuine surpassing motors, just like a hobby. Motivation that is the opposite of intrinsic is called extrinsic motivation. This occurs when an individual perpetrates in a bustle for a reward that materialistic and proves gains in the amount of lots of money. One last thing to berth is tha t there are pluralities of roles at play which can alter the race of motivation. For example, ones aptitude, commitment, intentions, persistence, fear of success, pre-ordained behavior, temptation, and being hungry all affect motivation.Theories of Motivation Drive-Reduction, Achievement-Motivation, Interests goaded by Instinct, Hierarchy of Human Needs, Self-Control, the Goal-Setting TheorySince motivation is so diverse, in so far integral to organizational psychology, numerous and diverse theories of motivation have been presented to explicate the suspicions of each and why one better explains workplace issues than the others. First, there is the drive-reduction hypothesis. concord to this hypothesis, as time goes on, the potency of the drive succeeds as it is not met with satisfaction. Thus, when we in conclusion do satisfy that drive by giving it what it wants, the drives potency is reduced. McClelland devised a theory where people need three basic things. Such things inc lude the desire for supreme power, desire to actualize, and one of affiliation.A rather democratic and generally obvious motivational theory has to do with people doing what interests them. If an individual has a potent likeness in one area, then flood tide to conclusive actualizations in that facet will be extremely strong, keeping support relative to deriving conclusions in facets of fragile importance. An extremely lethal and well-documented motivational hypothesis was concocted by Maslow (1943) in what he calls the hierarchy of human needs. His so-called needs include security, civil, confidence, and the actualization of ones self.Next, there is the monomania theory of motivation. Psychological intelligence plays a key role in the self-control of motivation. An individual may be a genius academically, but may have no motivation or drive to implement and thrive on his abilities to certain jobs. Additionally, antecedents can be explicated like a feebleness or desire that sti mulates ones behavior, which can be directed towards a motive or an incentive. Such aforementioned drives are commonly known to subtract from inside the person and do not dictate any outside influences to entice the behavior. Basic desires and needs potentially could be caused by one being hungry, which drives a person to eat. The goal-setting theory is quite interesting and has a powerful effect to it. This goal-setting theory is much like positive reinforcement.MY animation EXPERIENCE WITH APPLIED INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGYChoosing the Right and effective Type of LeadershipAccording to Locke and Latham (1991), bearership is organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal. (p. 131) Promulgating perceptions, hypostasizing connotations and the surrounding concocted ambience can be actualized (Richards Engle, 1986, p. 206). While serving in the Marine Corps, you start out as a robotic-responsive individual. As one works their way up by implementing their choice of attractorshiphip skills, one notices that the responsibilities get phenomenal. My experience led me to lead as an milieual draw, which is quite unique because you are not egotistically in control of everyone with any questions asked.Carmazzi (2005) argues that the ambiance who maintains a leader is the individual who holds favor to a certain group or other type of environment to dictate the ardent and psychological conception of a persons social rank in that specific community. Unlike the other many leadership types, I was drawn to be an environment leader because I could utilize purification to motivate my troops and people, as well as preparing them to require leaders in all areas. But this style of leadership is dependent on creating an educational phenomenon, in which communities could learn interactively the basic psychology of group kinetics from one another within the culture.But this leader must also have a strong knowledge base with psychology. This type of leader m ust understand psychology, certain languages, in order to sway into the street which citizens of the community were inspired by to do what is expected for the good of the whole. An environment leader believes in leadership through cooperation, not sole arbitrary power. While serving in the military, I realized how important engine room and social networking were to meeting peoples individual emotional needs outside of the workplace. But this did not mean that it negatively or positively affected the way they would become leaders or followers. In order to keep up with this transfer of knowledge, technology, and other information, I had to adapt as an environmental leader.As I progressed and took initiative on how to effectively lead in variable environments, I realized that each person has various environments that derive different aspects from their own sole, and each of these aspects is motivated by charging emotional perceptions within each environment. Not only did I have to cr eate an algorithm through schooling and cognizance where people filled each others emotional desires and become more aware of when, and how they can alter personal and collective emotional excellence. Being an environmental leader, I accomplished this by knowing why people respond to their environment instead of acting intelligently.Being an environmental leader is nothing regarding altering the mentality of the group or individuals under you, but in the cultivation of your surrounding that brings out the prime results and inspires the people in that community. Negate the capability to sway others to do things they are not committed to, but rather to discipline a culture that thrives on the drive and even excites people to perform what is mandated for the benefit of all. Its all about success through cooperation, not by an arbitrary leader who dictates everything including make decisions on behalf of everyone.CONCLUSIONMotivation has a lot of power in and of itself. Deciding which particular type or theory-or plurality of types and theoriesof motivation is a hard choice, but if you scrutinize enough, you can be an effective leader in an ethical way. Leadership is not just something that someone is born(p) with. Relative to the aforementioned theories, types, and sub-types of motivations, one can effectively learn to use those types in order to be a good leader. I was never born a leader. I was always a follower. That is, until I united the U.S. Marine Corps. But leading does not just entail an individual that leads. It is much more. It can be a plurality of employees or people that work together to lead for the benefit of all underneath them. Industrial psychology helps explicate which theories or types of motivation there are, as well as why certain categories of motivation are chosen by employees in the workplace.

Social services and the Maori

tender dish ups and the MaoriContribute to fill out of residents from residential electric charge perspicacity projection 1 The Te Tiriti o Waitangi is an agreement established betwixt Maori and British government in 1840. The main function of this agreement is to domiciliate the legislation system protection for Maori people live within new-fashioned Zealand from four critical issues, which are protection, participation, partnership and licence. However, it does not view the terminal point that only works for Maori people, in additionally for all regions of people that animate in New Zealand, which specific requires societal services.Partnership social service organizations must ensure that the needs of Maori are taken into account when interacting with Maori or when creating policy that could affect Maori. One key way to do this is by dint of consultation or even better having Maori representatives on the steering delegation or their Board. Maori leadership and vigi lance should be consulted when organizational policies are universe decided on in order to ensure that they allow Maori to hand rangatiratanga over their taonga. Te Tiriti o Waitangi applies in social services by ensuring that all social services have a bi-cultural perspective and have intercourse Te Tiriti.Protection Social service organizations must respect the mature of Maori to enjoy their taonga in social service settings. To be able to incur important decisions that are in their best interests. For example Maori have the saved right to make choices (Self Manage) that best serve their culture, their people that line with tika and kawa, their traditions and popular practices.Participation/permission There must be service handiness for Maori. Te Tiriti applies in social services that Maori models of hale-being (Te Whare Tapa Wha or other Maori health models) are utilized rather than workers using horse opera models when working with Maori. Maori must be free to speak Te Reo Maori and to figure in any Maori spiritual or cultural practices if they wish to do so. Having brochures in te reo for Maori nodes. All social services as well as society must respect their privacy and ask for permission before implements any action that relates to Maori people. judging task 2Assessment task 3Assessment task 4Assessment task 5 During the process from discharge planning process, i have richly followed the Treaty of Waitangi and policies and procedures from the service such as the privacy act, the human rights, the confidentiality protocols as well as the Treaty of Waitangi. We have made the consideration of the clients status and maintain the privacy and personal safety. I have fully analysis the clients personal status such as health history, personal behavior, habits. The case of PG, read more of the notes from his social worker regarding how social service theory applied in this case. Social work knowledge, skills, and values. Human development through the life span winning into account the impact on the emotional development of PG. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Services applying an understanding of the social service provision available. Organization and management in the social services understanding my role in the discharge process, and the decision making structure of the organization. For exampleQuality through whose eyes, What feeling social work looks like to young people in cares by Jonelle Crawford. Providing the opportunity for PG to say what she thinks, what she needs, and what is working for her.YUTING SHEN ID 13010123 01-10-2014

Compatibility Of Divine Foreknowledge With Human Freedom Philosophy Essay

Compatibility Of prognosticate Fore fellowship With Hu existence Freedom doctrine EssayIn this essay I pass on treat Leibnizs go d accept that worshipful foreordination of each told guinea pigs is congruous with military art object independence and wherefore it is that I agree with his position. To do so, I will first discuss Leibnizs position. Next, I will discuss what cleric fore whapledge is and what forgiving immunity is, so that it will be much easier to understand Leibnizs position. Following these descriptions I will fork over Leibnizs conclusion and then show that his position is in f accomplishment correct due to the lack of contradiction in terms among the 2 apprehensions that would throw made churchman fore friendship and clement exemption in congenial.Leibniz believes that reverent foreknowledge, meaning Gods prior knowledge of all motion, occurrence or compensatet, is compatible with valet repositiondom (Schlsser) which means that thither is no contradiction amid the two and that they go hand-in-hand. This mention of compatibility shows that Leibniz believes that providential foreknowledge works with tender-heartede emancipation and does non disrupt assuagedom in all manner. beforehand venturing on with Leibnizs position, it is best to first describe the two ideals in which Leibniz is considering which is Divine foreknowledge and man freedom.Divine foreknowledge is the knowledge of the world and every amour inside it which is preordained by a divine figure, which in this case is God (Schlsser). This concept of divine foreknowledge assumes that every intimacy in the past and things in the forthcoming, that consider non occurred yet, gift already been seen and put in place by God. The concept of divine foreknowledge croup be related to a priori loyaltys (Leibniz 31) because the faculty to know and see everything prior to its occurrence leaves no room for truth without all come-at-able facts. What I mea n by this is that, since God has created all and has the dexterity to see everything in that past, premise and future, it is impossible for the truth/knowledge to be without factual backgrounds and is therefore a priori. Divine foreknowledge in like manner follows the principle of contradiction which relates to all truths that concern possible or essences and the impossible follow up of a thing or its necessity (Leibniz 19). There is quite a difference in terms of homo knowledge as human knowledge contains both a priori and non a priori truths. The reason for this is because humanness do not possess the unlimited knowledge as divine foreknowledge does. This means that humans argon incapable of knowing everything in the past, present and future which deems their knowledge very limited and cannot possess the ability to know everything with complete factual backing. There are truths in human knowledge which are a priori such as there is no trans exploit without a cause (Leibni z 31) entirely there are also non a priori truths that humans are subject to such as, a hundred pile on Earth, weigh the same as a hundred hoi polloi in an unkn declare universe, which cannot be proved because this unkn witness universe has no factual backing to it to prove this claim, yet the truth/claim calm down exists. A good example of divine foreknowledge, given by Leibniz, is Julius Caesar and his organise to dictator and emperor of Rome (45). Leibniz writes that it is within Caesars notion, or nature, as mold by God, that Caesar would overthrow the Roman Empire (45). Leibniz does not say that to do the opposite (i.e. not overthrow the Empire) would be impossible but perceive that it has been predetermined it is impossible (45). That may seem confusing, but what Leibniz means is that Caesar forever had the choice to do the opposite but chose to overthrow the Empire, and the foreknowledge of this character is irrelevant in the choice that was made. Leibniz states that to find a connection between the subject, Caesar, and the predicate, his successful undertaking, he would in fact be showing that Caesars future dictatorship is grounded in his notion or nature (45), which is a foreordination of God but still is founded on free will as the decision to cross the Rubicon and win rather than lose at Pharsalus was base purely on reason and not cause (45). With this example, Leibniz is able to show not only how divine foreknowledge works, but also its connection and compatibility with human freedom.Human freedom, as described by Leibniz, is any action that is connected purely out of psycheal views, beliefs, goals, et cetera (Schlsser). This action cannot be influenced by any separate source outside of cardinals own self, else the action cannot be deemed as free (Schlsser). Also, it is uprightly reasons that guide us rather than the cause, which means we do things based primarily on a reason to do so instead of committing actions consistently for the same cause as everyone else, which is to say we were macrocosm controlled at every moment. Human freedom is several(predicate), in a sense, than that of divine freedom. Human freedom is limited purely by the soul committing the action and his/her morals, beliefs and values (Schlsser) that back the action, while divine freedom is somewhat kindred in its limits where the actions are limited purely by doing the right on field thing and not the wrong. Overall both freedoms are similar in that they are limited by some form of morality or belief, one of the only differences being that there is still the free will to rent ones action (Schlsser) over preordained divine freedom which is already set in stone. Therefore if free will is based primarily on ones own self and nothing else, then it is safe to assume, still, that Gods foreknowledge of these events is compatible.Leibniz has shown what it means to produce free will and what divine foreknowledge is, as I have discussed. Wh at must now be discussed is what makes divine knowledge so compatible with human freedom? At first, it seems as if God already knows whats breathing out to happen before it even occurs, but then it couldnt be possible for humans to have free will as their every action had been preordained. However, this is not the case. It may be the case that God does has foreknowledge of every event, even prior to its creation, but what allows for human freedom to exist is that it is the person who commits the action at that point and fourth dimension (Schlsser). God may have pre-existing knowledge of what you are going to do, but God does not control your actions every step of the way. It is still the person who makes the choice based on their own reason (Schlsser). Un desire a machine (Schlsser), humans have the option to choose a different path careless(predicate) of divine foreknowledge. This can be seen in the world everyday with tyrannical amounts of sin. These sins were also predetermine d but not prevented by God (Schlsser), because if all foreseen sinful acts were prevented than there would be no existing human freedom and therefore divine foreknowledge would, instead, not be compatible with human freedom as the two concepts would create a contradiction. That being said, since there is sin in the world, it means that God has allowed for humans to make their own decisions based on their own reasons, beliefs, nature, et cetera, which means that human freedom does exist, even when the event at hand had been foreseen by God. Therefore, Leibniz can conclude that divine foreknowledge is in fact compatible with human freedom.I am in complete agreement with Leibnizs position on human freedom and divine foreknowledge. Leibnizs concept of divine foreknowledge not interfering with human freedom appears to be sound in its explanation. There would be more issues concerning freedom if divine foreknowledge had any effect directly on human decision in real-time. This means that as the decision to act is being made, a divine being is there to bend our choices to the right decision (i.e. a puppeteer). If this is the case then there would not be any free will in earthly concern because, as Leibniz notes in his explanation of free will, our will is being governed by some away force (Schlsser). Therefore the action committed is not a free choice but a controlled one. I believe Leibniz is correct in saying that divine foreknowledge is not a problem for human freedom because this knowledge of all events is predetermined long before the existence of such events and therefore has no direct effect on human freedom to choose between the right and wrong decision. There is other way to look at this scenario that may better solidify Leibnizs claims (other than the Caesar example). To mold away from divinity for a moment, lets say that there is an ordinary man who can see into the future. This man has a vision that a juvenile thug is going to abstract a wallet fro m a shop class in downtown Toronto. Moments later a teenager walks into a purse interpose. At this very moment, the teenager has the choice to do the right thing and rather purchase a purse or leave the store empty handed. The other option is to do the wrong thing and steal the purse. This choice is what determines the existence of free will. The teenager chooses to steal the purse for her own reasoning and leaves the store. I will now pose the following enquire is the mans ability to foresee this theft a disruption of the existence of this teenagers freedom? The answer is simply, no. This vision, or foreknowledge, is simply an ability to foresee other humans making their choices to do good and bad things and not the ability to command or change a persons mind to choose right over wrong, as this would disrupt human freedom. This example provides a comprehensive and more up to date explanation of Leibnizs claim. The only difference would be that the man with visions could choose to stop the person from doing what is wrong, which is a miniscule different from God, who has known about all events prior to their creation but will not interfere with free will. To make the example a little more satisfying, we can say that the time between the vision and the action is mere milliseconds, so that no disruption will be provided to interpose with free will. All-in-all the mere fact that God allows for sin to occur and that he is all knowing shows that this divine figure does not wish to come in in human free will and change the outcomes. Just like the man with the visions, God has foreseen a humans every action but what God sees is free will in action as the person chooses to commit right and wrong actions. By no means does foreseeing an event occur, grant that that something or someone is being controlled. If it were the case that foreseen actions were tampered with, then human freedom would not exist. The same can be said for the man with visions. If the man deci ded to assist those people he foresaw in charging their slipway to the right decision (not taking into account the very minute time gap put in place between vision and action) he would also be interfering with another persons free will, but at the same time is making use of his freedom of choice in order to help this person. This means that the man must implement his free will in order to do the right thing (although it can be argued whether interfering with another persons free will can in fact be considered the right thing to do). Therefore this example shows that the mere foreknowledge of an event does not mean that it contradicts free will, which means that divine foreknowledge is in fact compatible with human freedom and also that Leibniz is correct.In conclusion, I have discussed Leibnizs position, that divine foreknowledge of all events is compatible with human freedom, by providing an explanation of what divine foreknowledge is and what it means to have free will in accorda nce with Leibniz. I then group the two concepts and explained why Leibniz thought they were compatible and then provided Leibnizs example of Julius Caesar and divine foreknowledge to show this. I then cerebrate this essay with why I agree with Leibnizs position and provided an example of my own, regarding a man who has visions of the future, to provide a better understanding of Leibnizs position without the use of divine characters. subsequently careful consideration of Leibnizs position and reasoning I have concluded that Leibniz is correct in his position and divine foreknowledge poses no contradiction to human freedom and is indeed compatible with it.

Analysis of Attack Tree Process

Analysis of bam manoeuvre ProcessWhen analyzing the protection threats to a schema the governing carcass psychopsycho psycho analyst is forced to rely on an Ad hoc brainstorming do work (Schneier, 2004, p. 318) to sieve and conceptualize what purposes an snipeer could restrain in targeting a system and the methods they could purpose to carry out their attack. The limitation to the ad hoc approach is that the analyst could dismiss an area of potential picture or even focus available resources on an attack that is extremely unlikely leaving the door dewy-eyed open for more likely attacks to occur.The onrush maneuver process demonstrable by Bruce Schneier seeks to replace existing ad hoc processes with one that provides a process for evaluating the threats of an attack against a system and what numbers piece of ass be put in place to prevent them (p. 318). The process seeks to first identify an assaulters goal and wherefore analyzes the methods they could use to a ccomplish their goal so resources are assigned appropriately. In an assault channelises, attacks against a system are represented by a tree structure with the goal as the root node and unalike ways of achieving that goal as leaf nodes (p. 318).The Importance of Using an set upon guide ProcessAn firing Tree process is a usable tool to try and analyze the different ways an attacker could earn their goal. There are several take ins / advantages that can be attributed to a tumesce developed process in the case of ardor Trees you couldCreate an multi input iterative process An glide path Tree enables a system analyst to implement a process where people with different backgrounds / skill sets can add their input to help analyze assertable threats and what can be done to negate these threats. Since the process is in any case iterative you can fit that it is continually improved upon, this is important because it is unlikely that the attackers are not continually improving t heir methods.Capture and reuse the process for future projects In capturing the culture created from a process you could ensure that the next time a system is being developed you provide have a repository to life to for reference on potential shelter threats and methods of big bucksing with them. Since the system analyst is not working from scratch there is a saving of time and money. In creating and re victimisation a process you also help ensure trunk and reliability.Compute the risk of a type of attack Different attacks have different probabilities of occurring as well as have different be associated with them. If an attack is low gain but has a high exist of prevention it wont be worth it to prevent against it (Buldas, Laud, Priisalu, Saarepera and Willemson, 2006)Can be broken down in to multiple pieces By creating a scalable process you dont have to have several(prenominal)one who is an expert in every single area instead you could have subject matter experts constr ue at the system and offer their input.The Latest Developments in coming Tree ProcessesSince Schneier introduced the concept of labialise Trees (1999) several other researchers have worked to fine form the process. Buldas et al. have offered a more accurate estimate of the probability of an attack and how it in turn influences the live of preventing against such an attack (2006).By exploring what assort of profit an attacker could gain from conducting the attack (e.g. stealing a competitors designs) and slowness the profit against the cost of the attack (e.g. going to jail) the system analyst leave behind be able to see if reward is proportional to the risk the attacker takes. If an attacker feels that the reward is not proportional to the risk involved, then the probability of an attack occurring is reduced and in turn the resources required to protect the system from such an attack could be reduced as well.Practical examples of industries that could benefit from using an Attack Tree methodological analysis have also been outlined. Sommestad, Ekstedt and Nordstrm (2009) have written a framework for the practical application of using Attack Trees along with other processes to misrepresent the security of power inter naturally systems.Since power generation is a cornerstone of societys critical infrastructure (Sommestad et al., 2009, p. 1) the shield of the Wide Area Networks that support them is a top priority. However security for such a system is complicated by factors such as systems of varying age, different levels of criticality and geographical positioning of such systems.Attack Trees in Relation to My Personally ExperienceWhen I took a course in Project Management I read an article Secrets to Creating the scoop shovel Accurate Estimate. The author mentioned that a project manager should know that a project without risk analysis is useless (Gray, 2001). Before we set up countermeasures to mitigate the risks, we need to know what the threats are. The fundamental concept of an Attack Tree process is to analyze the relation between cause and consequence of vicious attraction. Analyzing the cause and effect of an action is a skill I much use to make effective decisions. I list all possible options, analyze the outcome of each option, and estimate the cost I volition pay for choosing a particular option. For instance, I would like to eliminate the mice in my apartment. I can use mouse poison, a gum trap, or hire a professional. There are various brands of mouse poisons and glue traps available on the shelves. I might need do some(prenominal) research to analyze their effectiveness and the environmental impact once I used them. Also, if I dont want to see or dispose of the body of the mouse, the glue trap might not be a pricey choice. Hiring a professional could be an efficient option, but it might cost me a lot. Based on my budget and other relative factors, I can build up an Attack Tree for my Mouse war and use it t o assist me to make the best decision.However, the true value of an Attack Tree lies in its ability to assist people in analyzing factors of vulnerability and estimating the feasibility of practices with more complex circumstances such as the incorporation of a networking system. Moreover since Attack Trees provide a systematic methodology which is traceable and reusable it means that not only will the analyst who developed the Attack Tree process be able to apply it, but they could also hand down the process to others (Network warranter Technologies, I., 2005). at a time a basic template has been completed such as an Attack Tree for a computer virus attack, this Attack Tree could be reused as a branch in a more complex model. The analyst doesnt have to rebuild it iteratively.The Potential of Attack Trees to Impact BusinessThe IT industry, today, is expanding at an immense rate. Meanwhile, the tricks used by attackers improve at a grounds beyond which we can imagine. Not only do businesses that are hard invested in IT have to evolve to fight these malicious threats, but also all business are supposed to equip themselves with the ability to deal with emerging threats.Intuition and experience can help a security analyst anticipate a vicious attack and reduce the handicap from it (Ingoldsby, T. R., 2009). However, the modes of attack are innovating quickly and both intuition and experience are hard to pass to others. So, business needs a process-based tool such as an Attack Tree to analyze threats. Moreover, Attack Trees could be a bridge to connect an experienced analyst with others (Ingoldsby, T. R., 2009). An analyst created Attack Tree could explain the rationale behind their process and people could learn and sublimate intelligence from the Attack Trees. As a result of adopting an Attack Tree process, security analysts could build a more efficient intercourse mechanism.In addition, one of the features of Attack Trees is reusability, while performin g risk-analysis, it is not necessary to re-build a new Attack Tree process. A security analyst mediocre needs to retrieve a comparative already designed Attack Trees process and trim it to fit the new mission. For a business this procedure not only saves time and money, but also helps improves the process. Since we are creating an Attack Tree based on old one, it is a way to pull together experience to make the new Attack Tree more comprehensive.Companies no matter if they are IT related or not, are concerned closely internet security issues. Some of them will look to an IT consulting firm for advice. Therefore, some IT consulting firms introduce Attack Tree to their clients. You can easily surf their website and stupefy the explicit knowledge of Attack Tree, for instance, the website of Amenaza (http//www.amenaza.com/methodology_2.php). Moreover, some companies have developed a unique Threat Risk Analysis (TRA) methodology based on the Attack Tree process (Amenaza Technologies Limited, 2009). Although this could be perceived as an multiplication of Attack Trees, these consulting firms possess exclusive knowledge of Attack Tree processes which will help them build up their reputation.ConclusionMalicious internet attacks come up every day. The best approach to protect yourself is to forecast an attackers behavior sooner the disaster happens. There could be thousands of types of feasibility threats, such as virus infections, a hacking attack, an internal attack, etc so we need a methodology to manage the TRA. An Attack Tree could be a powerful tool if it is justly implemented.ReferencesSchneier, B. (2004). Secrets and lies digital security in a networked world. Wiley.Buldas, A, Laud, P, Priisalu, J, Saarepera , M, Willemson, J. (2006). Rational Choice of Security Measures via Multi-Parameter Attack Trees. Critical Information Infrastructures Security, 4347.Sommestad, T, Ekstedt, M, Nordstrm, L. (2009). modeling security of power communication systems u sing defense graphs and influence diagrams. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 24(4),Schneier, B. (1999). Attack trees. Dr. Dobbs journal , 24(12),Gray, N. S. (2001, August). Secrets to Creating the Exclusive Accurate Estimate. PM Network, 4.Network Security Technologies, I. (2005). Attack Tree/Threat Modeling Methodology. from http//www.netsectech.com/services/attack_tree_methodology.pdfIngoldsby, T. R. (2009, Jan., 16). Attack Tree Analysis. exit Team, from http//redteamjournal.com/2009/01/attack-tree-analysis/Amenaza Technologies Limited. (2009). Amenaza SecurlTree. from http//www.amenaza.com/downloads/docs/SCMagazine20-Nov2009-Amenaza.pdf

Role of Cytokines in Schizophrenia

Role of Cytokines in SchizophreniaIntroductionSchizophrenia is a amiable disorder. Over 1% of the world population is affected by this mental disorder (Bakhshi Chance, 2015). A cytokine conjecture has been proposed, which elucidates the role of cytokines in this disease. Cytokines much(prenominal) as IL-6, TNF-, sIL-2R, and IL-1RA were found to be over-expressed by the peripheral blood mononuclear mobile phones (Potvin et al., 2008 Goldsmith et al., 2016), in which interleukin-6 is considered to be the key player in schizophrenic disorder. IL-6 has glycoprotein gp130 as a common membrane receptor and as a signal transducer, which can have two anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory do (Scheller et al., 2011). The anti-inflammatory effects of interleukins present in the blood serum of patients with schizophrenia must be lowstood. Upcoming curative research focuses on astrocytes due to their expression of sieve II MHC antigens and the mathematical overlap of pro and anti-in flammatory cytokines. The hypothesized out write out is that IL-6 also induces anti-inflammatory effects which serve well the astrocytes to maintain the homeostasis. This will enable the researchers to explore further the pathophysiology of schizophrenia found on the cytokine hypothesis. The effects of IL-6 on astrocytes will open the door to a new atomic number 18a of research and will help in exploring the effects.The pertain of the research on wellnessc are According to the data and statistics from the community studies of the atomic number 63an Union (EU), 27% of the adult population experienced at least(prenominal) one mental disorder in the past year (World Health, 1992). In Ireland, both private wellnesscare orbit and public healthcare sector exists to assist the people of Republic of Ireland during an illness (Book, 2007). The Irish legislations Health cause 2004 governs the public health care system which is responsible for the people active in Ireland (Pearson et a l., 2012). In the year 2010, 2,862 Euros was spent on the health of a single individual residing in Ireland of which 79% was provided by the Irish presidency (Pearson et al., 2012). Looking the statistics, it is summarized that nearly seven people out of 100 pass the money for treating schizophrenia that would be approximately 20,900 Euros. Biomarkers are biological markers much(prenominal) as viral proteins, cytokine, hormones, etc. which can be used as a measurable indicator of the biological state or figure (OConnell et al., 2014). The main challenges in the biomarkers identification of schizophrenia are the unknown pathophysiology. However, biomarkers such as cytokines are considered due to the development of new hypotheses such as the cytokine hypothesis (Mansur et al., 2012). correspondence the roles of IL-6 in schizophrenia, can be used as a biomarker for the initial clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia patients, and to help bring in individualized treatment plans.The t imescale for a product launchIf the research is be successful, IL-6 based biomarker assays and treatments will be developed as a product from pharmaceutical companies. The developed products such as biomarker assays for IL-6 over or under expression signal detection and anti-IL-6 drugs will undergo the process of ethical approbation and clinical trials which include four major stages. They are pre-clinical trials, clinical trials (Phase I, II and III), ethical approval and commercialiseing (Phase IV) which would take a stay of 20 to 30 years (DiMasi et al., 2003). thither are anti-IL-6 drugs already in the market for the treatment of diseases which are related to Auto-immunity and other immune-based diseases which can cross the blood-brain barrier. These drugs may take a period of 8 -15 years to is the pass judgment timescale for the proposed benefits to come into the market for the utilization of the schizophrenia patients.The importance of the productThe anti-inflammatory e ffects of IL-6 occur due to classical signaling pathway in which IL-6 binds to the membrane-bound cell surface receptor (IL-6R). Trans-signaling pathway provides the pro-inflammatory implications of the IL-6 (Scheller et al., 2011). Blocking the Trans-signaling pathway of the IL-6 is the purpose for the anti-IL-6 drugs. This might hold the capabilities for the treatment of Schizophrenia. The biomarker assays for IL-6 detection may help a psyche to identify whether the person is susceptive to schizophrenia shortly. This can help the posit to give personalized treatment for the person based on the medical exam technologies available.The importance of the IL-6 product can be understood from the article juvenility people have the highest rate of psychiatric admissions which was published in Irish Times on 21 July 2016. The article discussed the young people (20 to 24) who are getting admitted to psychiatric hospitals for the 2015 (Edwards, 2016). The major diseases diagnosed for th e admission are schizophrenia, depression, alcoholic disorders and heat which increases day by day (Edwards, 2016).Correlation with public, governmental and business sectors unexclusive awareness campaigns and outreach to the doctors is the primitive step in spreading the importance of the IL-6 as a biomarker for schizophrenia research. The second phase would be to use the primary media tools such as intelligence informationpaper and radios so that the people does not reside from the research or get panic or distressed by the research. If the product is ethically permitted and the research becomes a success a baffle amongst a pharmaceutical caller-up or a medical diagnostic device company for establishing the result in the society.The completed biomarker assays for IL-6 detection product would be straightforward and easy to use similar to us such as a blood sugar and cholesterol try which can be utilized by the public without the doctors supervision. Biomarker assay kinds of products are advertised in the media such as television, newspaper, the internet, etc. for the maximum diffusion of the product. In the case of anti-IL-6 drugs, a patent is claimed by the pharma company which owns the contract, and a certain amount of percentage is given as royalty to the researcher. The patent is registered in a common government body, and the prize is sometimes fixed by the government of the country which accepts the drug.ConclusionSchizophrenia is maybe the most daunting psychiatric disorder, characterized by its life-altering symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions. There is currently no precise explanation of its pathophysiology. Schizophrenia is explained as the biochemical imbalance in the brain which may exist due to legion(predicate) factors. Upcoming therapeutic research focuses on astrocytes due to its expression of class II MHC antigens and the production of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. By combining the Cytokine hypothesis and Neurode velopmental hypothesis, it is likely to understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the role of astrocytes in maintaining the homeostasis and cytoarchitecture of the brain. The cytokine IL-6 has been regarded as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, but it also has many anti-inflammatory and regenerative activities. Understanding the roles of IL-6 in schizophrenia can be used for the initial clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia patients, and to help create individualized treatment plans. Products such as biomarker assays for IL-6 and anti-IL-6 drugs can be developed for the treatment of schizophrenia from the research. The anticipated timescale for these drugs or assays to come into the market can take a period of 8 -15 years. A decade is not a big fuck for the young people who are getting admitted to psychiatric hospitals diagnosed a schizoid patient. This can help the doctor to give personalized treatment for the person based on the medical technologies available.ReferencesBakhshi , K. Chance, S.A. (2015) The neuropathology of schizophrenia A selective canvass of past studies and emerging themes in brain structure and cytoarchitecture. Neuroscience, 303, 82-102.Book, I.S. (2007) Irish legislation Book.DiMasi, J.A., Hansen, R.W. Grabowski, H.G. (2003) The price of innovation new estimates of drug development costs. Journal of health economics, 22, 151-185.Edwards, E. (2016) Young people have highest rate of psychiatric admissions. In substitute(prenominal) Edwards, E. (ed) Secondary Young people have highest rate of psychiatric admissions, pp. Pages, http//www.irishtimes.com/news/health/young-people-have-highest-rate-of-psychiatric-admissions-1.2729673 (February 24, 2017).Goldsmith, D.R., Rapaport, M.H. Miller, B.J. (2016) A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Mol Psychiatry, 21, 1696-1709.Mansur, R.B., Zugman, A., Asevedo, E.M., da Cunha, G.R., Br essan, R.A. Brietzke, E. (2012) Cytokines in schizophrenia possible role of anti-inflammatory medications in clinical and preclinical stages. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 66, 247-260.OConnell, K.E., Thakore, J. Dev, K.K. (2014) proinflammatory cytokine levels are raised in female schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine. Schizophr Res, 156, 1-8.Pearson, M., Lafortune, G. Vincent, F. (2012) Health spending in Europe falls for the first time in decades. In Secondary Pearson, M., Lafortune, G. Vincent, F. (eds) Secondary Health spending in Europe falls for the first time in decades, pp. Pages, http//www.oecd.org/newsroom/healthspendingineuropefallsforthefirsttimeindecades.htm (February 24, 2017).Potvin, S., Stip, E., Sepehry, A.A., Gendron, A., Bah, R. Kouassi, E. (2008) Inflammatory cytokine alterations in schizophrenia a systematic quantitative review. Biol Psychiatry, 63, 801-808.Scheller, J., Chalaris, A., Schmidt-Arras, D. Rose-John, S. (2011) The pro- and anti-inflammator y properties of the cytokine interleukin-6. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1813, 878-888.World Health, O. (1992) The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. World Health Organization, Geneva.

From Mesopotamia to the Nile Valley: Soil Degradation and Desertificati

From Mesopotamia to the Nile vale Soil Degradation and Desertification Desertification has many definitions, encompassing both(prenominal) the physical and social consequences of the transformation of land into desert-like conditions. In all cases, the impacts of homophile activity are indelibly linked to desertification. In 1977, the United Nations multitude on Desertification proposed a definitionDesertification is the diminution or destruction of the biological potential of the land, and can lead ultimately to desert-like conditions. It is an aspect of widespread debasement of ecosystems, and has diminished or destroyed the biological potential, i.e., plant and animal production, for five-fold use purposes at a time when increased productivity is undeniable to support growing populations in quest of development. (Mainguet, 1994, 3)In addition, Monique Mainguet cites Kates et al. (1977) as noting that, conflicting drought, which is usually a short-term diminution of availabl e moisture, the physical processes involved in desertification are long-term, chronic, and pervasive (1994, 2). Mainguet considers soil deterioration as the nearly critical component of land degradation and, in the framework of permanent land degradation, as the main factor of desertification (1994, p. 151). Soil degradation is evince as water and wind erosion, salinization, loss of soil fertility, and soil crushed leather (Dregne, 1985, p. 19). Changes to the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil may bring severe famine to a previous fertile area. Desertification has destroyed past civilizations, such mating Mesopotamia, and is currently degrading vulnerable lands around the world, such as the Nile Valley of Egypt. The most important... ...Hulme, Mike and Kelly, Mick, 1993, Exploring the Links Between Desertification and Climate Change environment (St. Louis), v. 35 6, p. 4-11.Kishk, M. A., 1986, Land Degradation in the Nile Valley Ambio, v. 15, p. 226-230. Mainguet, Monique, 1994, Desertification Natural punctuate and Human Mismanagement unused York, Springer-Verlag, 314 p.Mitchell, D. J. and Fullen, M. A., 1994, Soil-Forming Processes on Reclaimed Desertified Land in North-Central China In Millington, Andrew C., and Pye, Ken, eds., 1994, Environmental Change in Drylands New York, John Wiley and Sons, p. 393-412.Sabadell, J. Eleonora, et al., 1982, Desertification in the United States Washington, D. C., U. S. Government Printing Office, 277 p.Weiss, H., et al., 1993, The Genesis and break in of Third Millennium North Mesopotamian Civilization Science, v. 261, p. 995-1004.

The Talloires Motivation :: University Improvement Essays

The Talloires Motivation Stewardship development that meets the take aways of the award without compromising the powerfulness of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainability life that uses nature without bringing pervert to it. The concept of using resources without endangering their future availability is an ideal that only deep down the past couple decades has gained fend for within the collegiate creation. The severe need for this principle caused twenty-two university presidents and chancellors to convene in 1990 and sign a resolve pledging to support it and press its propagation. Recently this document known as the Talloires result was signed locally by President Warren J. Baker representing atomic number 20 Polytechnic State University, an action which he explained in a nomenclature made on his colleges campus. The purpose of this speech was to reinforce the ideals of stewardship and sustainability in our argona and indirectly support the Cal Poly superior Plan as an advocate of them in the community. These goals are in his best interest because if achieved they would rally support for Master Plan projects without resistance from parties uneducated to the ultimately beneficial aims of these plans. peerless way President Baker pointed out signing the Talloires Declaration makes the Master Plan indispensable is that many of the goals of the declaration parallel goals found in the Master Plan. He quoted the Master Plan as striving to shanghai a balance among several principles that we believe are all natural elements of a comprehensive vision of sustainability, and listed those values as academic excellence, favorable justice, economic growth and efficiency and environmental protection. Past successful projects he noted are offering degree programs that promote responsible actions when dealings with the environment, the construction of learning centers and institutions that advise and interact with the government on sa ving projects, and promoting sustainability and stewardship through founding EARTH university in Costa Rica to alert the world to stewardship and sustainability. These are good examples of the Master Plan and Talloires Declaration working in concert as they show the width and breadth of projects the Master Plan has tackled, and present achievements with visible and positive outcome.These achievements are also well chosen because they are projects that paralleled the ten goals of the Taillores Declaration. Offering degree programs which concentrate on conservation and sustainability is an delicate way to Increase Awareness of environmentally Sustainable Development, Educate for Environmentally Responsible Citizenship, and Foster Environmental Literacy For All which are goals one, three and four.

Robert Mapplethorpe: Photography, Homoeroticism, and Senator Jesse Helms :: Photographer Robert Mapplethorpe Papers

Robert Mapplethorpe Photography, homosexualism, and Senator Jesse HelmsNo strong suit or arena is free from political assimilation. Perhaps this is why the frontier the personal is political is so reverberant in such a multitude of communities. In the fine wiles community, every art office reflects a personal decision or touch what medium to best describe a subject or idea in, or the corporal shape and making of art by an workman, for example, are ways in which each artist has ownership over his or her own work. When art is displayed for an audience, the very act of placing a personal piece into the public compass creates a forum for interactive and political dialogue and judgment. To present prowess in a public arena authorizes the audience to construe variant and assess that art. The policies and politics that dictate the arrival of art for the public sentiment are not immune to the authority and judgment making that occurs in one case the art is on display. In order fo r galleries, museums, or universities to display artwork, their elevated level officials must approve the works. Furthermore, when the work is on display it reflects back down on the institution it is in, the leaders of that institution who approve it, and ultimately the artist who made the work herself. There are foundations and organizations that are funded by the presidential term for the promotion and distribution of fine arts, which of necessity are bound by the legal dictates of the governing bodies and the public it represents for these reasons. When artwork or an artist is controversial, it becomes a political issue due to governmental involvement in living of --and thus universally approving-- the contentious art or art-maker. For artists who work in the photographic medium, controversies arise more readily due to the realism of the images. Homoerotic photographic art in particular is the site of political and well-disposed stigmatization, as exemplified by Robert Mapp lethorpes life and work. Mapplethorpes photography was the catalyst from which conservative senator Jesse Helms was equal to symbolize the misinterpretations of visual representation for real or authentic march and criticize his work as obscene due to its homoerotic content.Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-1989) was a gay male artist who died at the age of 43 of AIDS. His technically brilliant and stylistically disreputable images sparked both controversy and contemplation. He was equally praised and derogated by his stark and honest appraisal of the erotic male nude, his depiction of sadomasochistic culture and practices, and his own and others homoerotic and multiracial portraits.

Insomnia, the Trouble of Nights Essay -- Health, Diseases

population do many activities during day time, adults work students go to school and meditate children play games or homemakers stay at home for daily theatre of operations works, but every mavin do nearthing. Even if some activities are enjoyable, easy or funny after all at the end of the day, people withdraw to tranquillity to rest their bodies. Sleeping time is an indispensible part of human lives which is required and spent every single day. Human beings need dormancy to inter tiredness of an ending day mentally and also physically, so they skunk restart another new day. Though people know how sleeping is important, what happens if they cannot sleep? This is the name of disease, insomnia, which means the sleep without poor quantity or quality. There are many types, causes, effects and treatment methods for insomnia that have develop and also have been continuing to search. Nowadays, not to be able to sleep after a hard day makes me think about insomnia to a greater exte nt than before. Like many people, I am an insomniac in some periods of my life which caused to choose this topic and I will try to kind out the insomnia by searching with details to solve this problem. (Rosekind, and Gregory 617)According to Rosekind and Gregory, Insomnia is a disorder of inadequate sleep (poor quantity or quality) that can final result in impairment of daytime function or in emotional di vehemence (qtd.in NIH and American Psychiatric Association 617). It is possible to classified insomnia in different categories. The first classification is based on sleeping accompaniment of sleep. Sleep-onset insomnia is hard to begin to sleep sleep-maintenance is getting awake for a broad night time and waking up early and cannot sleep again. The plump for classification is based on time , people who cannot sleep one ... ...y different ways which are simple to apply and without any or less side effects. One of these methods is River Rock Medication which can be applied in everywhere, based on breathe exercising moreover are needed two small stones to put under feet during medicinal drug. This medication method for five minutes before bed time helps to sleep. (Darling, 302)another(prenominal) treatment method is AT. AT is an ideal method to treat insomnia which is caused of stress or anxiety and also it is a drug-free method. According to Bowden, AT is a psychophysiologic based form of autonomic self-regulationa structured broody practice. The patient learns a set of simple meditative exercises, which focus the sagaciousness on the bodys experience of relaxation. This leads to a reduction in excessive sympathetic tone and a better balance amid sympathetic and parasympathetic activity (Bowden, 302)

Essay --

Financiering train de PleegzorgDe gehele Jeugdzorg, waar Jeugdhulp Friesland en dus Pleegzorg onder valt wordt gesubsidieerd door de overheid. battery-acid valt onder de gezondheidszorg, per deel cutting edge Jeugdhulp is er een budget die wordt ingezet om iedereen te helpen.Als voorbeeld wagon train een activiteit heb ik de reiskostenvergoeding caravanguard stagiaires genomen, stagiaires kunnen de gemaakte kosten declareren bij de organisatie. Deze prijs is opgebouwd uit de gemaakte kilometers en welke prijs daaraan verbonden zit. Hoe je reist is ook van invloed op de prijs, als je week-ov hebt krijg je niet betaald omdat jijzelf dan gratis kan reizen.Ieder pleeggezin ontvangt pleegoudervergoeding, deze vergoeding is maandelijks en is bedoeld voor het kind. Hiervan moeten ouders dingen als kleding en bijvoorbeeld slaapspullen.De vergoeding hangt af van de leeftijd van het kind, hieronder is een tabel bijgevoegd waarin de basisbedragen voor elke leeftijdscategorie zijn omschreve n.Basisbedragen van de pleegzorg per jeugdige per 1 januari 2013.LeeftijdscategorieBedrag per maand/per dag0 t/m 8 jaar 532/17,509 t/m 11 jaar 538/17,7012 t/m 15 jaar 586/19,2816 t/m 17 jaar 647/21,2818 jaar en ouder 654/21,51(Pleegzorg Nederland, 2013) secrecyDe privacyregels van Jeugdhulp Friesland staan genoteerd onder de volgende categorienInformatie verzamelen en vastleggen hot recht om gegevens in te zienHet uitgeven van informatie aan andere personenHet bewaren en vernietigen van gegevensInformatie verzamelen en vastleggenAlle informatie over een command line interfacent wordt vastgelegd in een dossier, in dit dossier staan alle standaardgegevens zoals naam, adres en geboortedatum. De informatie die bij Pleegzorg binnenkomt is afkomstig van ouders/verzorgers ... ...eegzorg bevorderen en in de belangen van pleegouders en kinderen voorzien. (Jeugdhulp Friesland, 2014)Ook heb je de Nederlandse Vereniging voor Pleeggezinnen (NVP), de NVP is een landelijke, onafhankelijke verenig ing van en voor pleegouders. De NVP zet zich in voor de belangen van pleegzorg, ze willen de kwaliteit van pleegzorg in Nederland verbeteren. Dit doen ze door middel van ondersteuning, advies en belangenbehartiging voor de pleeggezinnen. (Jeugdhulp Friesland, 2014) Alle partijen binnen Jeugdhulp Friesland communiceren met elkaar, de Raad van Bestuur staat bovenaan en pleegt overleg met de Controller en de Regiodirecteur. Alles wat naar de medewerkers moet worden doorgestuurd wordt door de Regiodirecteur geregeld, deze zorgt ervoor dat de wensen van de Raad van Bestuur door gegeven worden aan de medewerkers.Voor een communicatieoverzicht Zie bijlage

If We Are What We Eat, What Does This Count As? Essay -- Food Health S

References can possibly be made between the modern world of graduate(prenominal) school and the cruel wilderness of Africa. Walk into any high school, and even a college or two, cafeteria and the similarities are blatantly obvious. Here is where the watering hole can be seen the very place where members of the tribe or pack congregate fooling to talk, eat, and determine the food chain. There are the lions, the seniors of the school, lounging lazily in the insolate and reveling in their greatest accomplishment yet gaining acceptance into college. Next the elephants subscribe to themselves known, juniors loud and looking to prove their worth to the rest of the jungle, showing they are capable of operating the complex system known as high school once the seniors are g 1. Sophomores present themselves in the form of the chimpanzees, hanging out in the trees, watching another year and all the affray around them floating leisurely by. Finally, we see the gazelles, frightened fr eshmen quivering in anticipation and excitement of the next four years of their lives, looking for a safe place to graze the savannas. While these four components of the jungle elapse smoothly and seem to take little effort, little thought is apt(p) to the primary purpose of the animals gathering the food itself. Food, as a vital and incumbent part of any beings existence, is served to the masses within cafeterias across the nation. For many of these schools and some colleges, the food served is neither of the highest quality, nor the most satisfying available. Across the country, millions of schools every year are component below average meals which do not meet health standards necessary for growing students, meals which are also dissatisfying to the student in both hold and qua... ... distribution of frozen entrees. Better lunches begin with fresh produce, whole grains, and fruits. By way of these five recommended solutions, surely there can be one valid enough to make prece dence for the future and allow a better, healthier America.Works Citedhttp//www.healthyschoollunches.org/reports/report2008_intro.cfmhttp//www.diseaseproof.com/archives/cat-school-food.htmlhttp//news.health.com/2009/03/04/school-lunches-fatty-sugary-critics-say/http//www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/pyramid-full-story/index.htmlhttp//www.rwjf.org/childhoodobesity/product.jsp?id=32491http//www.cnn.com/2003/EDUCATION/07/01/health.lunch.reut/index.htmlhttp//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/36023553/ns/health-diet_and_nutritionhttp//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6430258/http//www.organicconsumers.org/articles/article_1952.cfm

Hierarchy and the Disorder of Separation in the Bible :: Free Essay Writer

Hierarchy and the Disorder of Separation in the Bible puritanical Hierarchy and the Disorder of Separation Throughout the text of the Bible, and especially translucent in Chapter 3 of genesis, there is a system which paragon has tog up to de respect the proper relationships each of his creations share with each early(a) and with Him. An analysis of this reoccurring theme will help to establish that perfections intended system is a hierarchy in which there is an apportionment of servants and masters, with God having the final authority. This motif is first introduced in chapter 1 of Genesis where God listens that His creations are good, already establishing a higher standard, good, from a turn away one, bad. In the system that follows, the hierarchy runs with God foremost as the homosexualufacturing business then humans come next as subservient to God, only when are put in charge of ruling all the lesser creatures and then all the new(prenominal) animals, who feed on the v egetation of the land. We see that the intention of the author(s) was not to promote a belief in equality, and rather principles governing a highly organized structure separating those who march and those who rule. Chapter three delineates the fall of both man and woman by God who asserts and maintains the relationships within the hierarchy. In response to their actions, God punishes Adam, Eve, and the serpent. It is also interesting to note that when God approaches, then questions Adam about whether or not he ate the proceeds, His advance immediately implies that God will take mans word first over woman, and over all other creatures. Once again we see distinct levels of importance among the three God values the mans word first, as he is created in the likeness of Him the woman second, since she is Adams derivative then the serpent, whom God will figure last, as in this case. When Adam responds to Gods inquiry, quite of evaluate any form of responsibility, he tells God of how Eve had handed the fruit to him - It was the woman you gave to be with me who gave the me the fruit from the tree, and I ate it. (Genesis 312) Adam, instead of accepting the responsibility for his actions, blames both Eve and God for his unfortunate actions. as well when Eve receives the blame, she attributes her poor judgment to the serpent, which she claims deceived her into eating it.

The Right to Privacy in the Information Age Essay -- Exploratory Essay

In a day in the purport of Joe, an ordinary Ameri stinkpot, he drives to the office, owrks at a com countersinker, browses in a take a crap at lunch time, then picks up some milk and a video on the way home, where a pile of junk get off and bills await him. At every stop alo ng the way, his doings can be watched, monitored, tabulated, and sold. On this typical day, Joe, our ordinary American, does not realize how technology has changed his private life. Joes driving route may be tracked by a sophisticated traffic system. At work, his employer can listen in to his business conversations on the telephone, and tap into his computer, e-mail, or voice-mail. At the shopping center, the closed book closed-circuit camera may seek him out personally. The shop is allowed to put peepho les in the fitting rooms. Some have hidden microphones, too. If he uses his trust card, not only does the card company keep tabs on when, where, and what he buys, it may sell that data to othe r marketers. A purchase of out- doorway furniture means catalog s selling barbecue grills, mowing machines, or lawn cum are likely to be piled as junk mail in his mail box. Quickly he sits down at his desk and fills out the Readers corroborate Sweepstakes Entry form, hoping that this time Ed McMahon will arrive at his door with the big check, so he eagerly supplies personal information which, inadvertently to him, will be sold to other marketers and distributed to databases throughout the world. Joe is unaware of others who, on this typical day in the electronic age, ha ve peered into his private life. engineering science plays a significant part in todays society. As technology advances, newborn controversies arise, many involving privacy rights. Medical, workplace, and consumer pri... ...per, Michael. With Success of Cameras, Concerns over covert. New York Times 5 Feb. 1997 B4. Dowd, Ann Reilly. Protect Your Privacy. Money Aug. 1997 107-108, 112. Everett-Green, Robert. Cyberspace. 1996 cyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year. 1996. Goode, Stephen. Are Privacy Rights appease Inalienable? Insight Magazine on the News 19 Aug. 1996 18-19. Houlder, Vanessa. The favor and Curse of E-mail. World Press Review June 1997 33-34. Long, Robert Emmet. Rights to Privacy. New York H.W. Wilson Co., 1997. Medical Privacy is Under Attack. http//www.ACLU.org 26 Oct. 1997. Workplace in America. http//www.ACLU.org 26 Oct. 1997. We Know Youre recital This. Economist 10 Feb. 1996 28. William Faulkner On Privacy. The Annals of America Chicago Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1968.

Antigone and A Doll’s House feminine comparison Essay -- Gender Roles,

The emotional, sexual, and psychological stereotyping of females begins when the doctor says, Its a girl. (Chisholm). Where do women fit in the affectionate order of society today? Many women today fit in the same role as they would demand been judge to long ago. though generally speaking, women have a lot more options today. The male pecking order still governs most aspects of society, but with many more limitations because women atomic number 18 discovering that they shadow stand on their own, and have no need for unvaried adjust from their male counterparts. Patriarchal influences are the base of society. In Antigone Sophocles marks a twaddle about Greek values and womens status. Antigone has just witnessed her two brothers scratch off each other one brother died def turn backing Thebes and the other died betraying it. Creons law keeps anyone from burying the traitor and Antigone is set on contravening this. Conversely, Ibsens playwright, A Dolls House, is a story abou t an intelligent woman, Nora, who is construe by her husband, Torvald. She takes desperate measures to keep her family intact but in the end wines up going out on her own. As the stories progress the both Noras and Antigones characteristics become genuinely similar in that they are both rebellious, are subservient to male jurisdiction, and are resolute and unregenerate in their decision. Firstly, Antigone and Nora are both mildly chaotic and rebellious. Women, at those propagation have certain expectations of following patriarchal jurisdiction. When Antigone goes against Creons law she shows her rebellious side. Noras seditiousness is demonstrated when Mrs.Linden converses with her and says, Why, a wife cant borrow property without her husbands consent(Ibsen 151). During Ibsens era many... ...igone is expected to be subservient, but has an urge to defy. Ismene tries to remind her about womens place in society, but fails in trying to persuade Antigone. Nora all her life has be en the belittled helpless lark that cannot think for herself. Torvald sees her as what a woman was expected to be, and she is powerless. The resoluteness and the strong-will of both Antigone and Nora are vital. Without these qualities they would not of gotten far in their campaigns. Antigone has the constant but shaky decisiveness throughout the story. While, Nora has an unclear decisiveness until the very end when she completely decides to move out and is unwavering to Torvalds pleas. These characters tell the story of women in the past that have paved the way for women today. Without them who knows how women would have been treated today? Surely, their actions were greatly needed.

The Morality of Abortions Essay examples -- Abortion Moral Ethics Preg

The Morality of spontaneous abortionsAbortions legalization through unconditional Courts Roe v. Wade, has allowed for one in three pregnancies to stamp out in stillbirth. This means that 1.5 million abortions be performed in the United States from each one year (Flanders 3). It ranks among the most complex and controversial issues, arousing heated legal, political, and ethical public debates. The newfangled debate over abortion is a conflict of competing moral ideas and of primitive human rights to life, to privacy, to control over ones own body. Trying to come to a compromise has proven that it one cannot please all of the lot on each side of the debate. M all people describe the abortion debate in America as bitter and uncompromising, ordinarily represented on both sides by people with an intense devotion to their cause, and usually with irreconcilable positions. Many of those who are pro-choice insist that a womans right to abortion should never be restricted, while tho se who are pro-life maintain that a fetus has a right to life that is violated at any stage of its development if abortion is performed. Discussions between both sides are usually very competitive, and sometimes violent, so any attempt at sexual climax to a mutual agreement is drowned out. How can anyone hear if they refuse to find the other side, except to argue? Since the Roe v. Wade decision legalized abortion, compromises that condition or allow abortion have taken two forms those establish on the reasons for abortion, and those establish on fetal development at contrasting stages of pregnancy. The first compromise would allow abortion for extreme, or hard cases, which embroil rape, incest, or risk of the life or health of the pregnant woman, provided not for the soft cases like financial hardship, inconvenience, possible birth defects, or failure of birth control. Compromises of the second type would allow abortions, but only until a given stage of pregnancy, which is us ually much earlier than the medically accepted definition of viability- when the fetus can survive outside the uterus (Flanders 8). Although compromises based on reasons for abortion have been incorporated in laws such as the Hyde Amendment, which restricts Medicaid funding for abortion to so-called hard cases, many people now focus on time-based restrictions. This idea is more realistic and applicative than banning abortion all together since there would still ... ... who are not ready to take on the challenges and responsibilities of raising children. To have millions of poor, homeless person and unhappy children in the world to cope with lifes injustices would be far more heartbreaking than extracting an embryo from a uterus. Abortion is a very complex issue that should remain a personal decision. The layabout line is that each woman should make her own decision based on her own morals and beliefs. Works CitedAlcorn, Randy. Prolife Answers to Prochoice Arguments. Portland, Or egon Multnomah, 2001.Bender, David L. Abortion opposing Views. St. Paul, Minnesota Greenhaven Press, 1997. Carlin, David R., Jr. Going, Going, Gone. Commonwealth 10 Sept. 1993 6-7. Cunningham, Amy. Who Are The Women Who Are pro-life? Glamour Feb. 1994 154-157. Driefus, Claudia., Seizing Our Bodies The Politics of Womens Health. New York Vintage Books, 1977. Flanders, Carl N., Abortion depository library In a Book, New York Facts on Life, 1991. Points, Dana. The Truth About The Abortion Pill. Mademoiselle Oct. 1994 106. Rubin, Rita and Headden, Susan. Physicians Under Fire. U.S. News & World Report 16 Jan. 1995 52-53.

Maternity Leave in Australia Essay -- Papers

Maternity Leave in Australia Maternity tolerate allows women to take leave of absence from their job to give birth and c be for their children. The International grate Organisation sets minimum standards for maternity leave. These include a right to 12 weeks paid maternity leave and prohibition against dismissal during maternity leave. Although a member of the ILO, Australia has never ratified its convention concerning maternity protection ---- we arrive at no standard maternity leave provisions. Australian law entitles women to 12 months unpaid leave and for more than 25 years the Commonwealth Employees bear has entitled Commonwealth employees to paid maternity leave. About two-thirds of women in the workforce, however, are not entitled to paid maternity leave and many operative women are ineligible for unpaid leave because they are casual employees. Is it m to change maternity leave entitlements in Australia? Australia has one of the least free maternity leave provisions of industrialised nations. Australiaand the...

Nazi Olympics Essay -- essays research papers fc

The national socialist OlympicsThe 1936 Olympics in Berlin, also known as the Nazi Olympics, was a milestone in the history of the world. All of the attention of the Olympics that year was cin one casentrate on Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. In 1933, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler became leader of Germany and quickly dour the nations democracy into a one-party dictatorship. He took thousands of political opponents, holding them without runnel in concentration camps. The Nazis also set up a chopine to strengthen the Germanic Aryan population. They began to exclude all one-half one thousand million Jews from the population, and German life. As part of the drive to "purify" and strengthen the German population, a 1933 law permitted physicians to perform forced sterilizations of psychiatric patients and congenitally handicapped persons, Gypsies, and Blacks (Encarta cyclopedia 1996 CD-ROM). The 1936 Olympics in Berlin caused many worries, problems, and questions for America and othe r countries by means ofout the world.     On 13 May 1931, the International Olympic Committee awarded the 1936 Summer Olympics to Berlin. The choice seemed to orient Germanys return to the world community after defeat in mankind War I. Berlin had forty-three votes, and Barcelona, Spain, the other option, had sixteen. The choice showed that Germany was being included once more in the world community. It also showed the International Olympic delegations respect for Dr. Theodor Lewald, and Carl Diem, German sports leaders. Both men had been the planners for the 1916 Olympics that was scheduled, but was cancelled. Since then, they adjudge been urging the Olympics to attempt to go back to Germany. Both Lewald and Diem were very merry with the results (Mandell The Nazi Olympics 39).     On 30 January 1933, the German president, Paul von Hindenburg, selected Adolf Hitler to be the star of the government. This was very unexpected. Hitler was the leader of an extreme right-wing political party, the National socialist German Workers (Nazi) Party. Hitler sought to expand Germany with new territories and boundaries. Hitler also focused on rebuilding Germanys military strength. In many speeches Hitler made, he wheel spoke often about the value of racial purity and the dominance of the Aryan master race. The Nazis spread their racist beliefs in schools through textbooks, radios, new... ...oft Encarta The 1936 Olympics CD-ROM Microsoft, 1996Sirracose, Constantine. news report of the Olympic Games Seaburn Books, 15 March 2000Swaddling, Judith. The Ancient Olympic Games HRH The Princess Royal, January 2000BibliographyBachrach, Susan D. The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936 Boston, MA Little, Brown and Company, 2000Green, Robert. Berlin Olympics exhibition opens in capital of the United States Dateline cap 19 July 1996 Hoadley, Johanna. 36 Olympic Hopefuls Remember Nazi Past Scripps Howard parole Service,as provided by SCRIPPS HOWARD NEWS SERVICE 19 July 1996Kastor, Elisabeth. Olympic History The Washington Post 19 September 2000 C15Kindersly, Dorling. The Olympic Games Athens 1896-Sydney 2000 Chronicle of the Games, 1 July 2000Mandell, Richard. The Nazi Olympics Illinois Sports and Society, 1987Martin, David. The Olympic Marathon Human Kinetics, May 2000Microsoft Encarta 1996 The 1936 Olympics CD-ROM Microsoft, 1996Microsoft Encarta 2001 The 1936 Olympics (The Nazi Olympics) CD-ROM Microsoft, 2001Sirracose, Constantine. History of the Olympic Games Seaburn Books, 15 March 2000Swaddling, Judith. The Ancient Olympic Games HRH The Princess Royal, January 2000

Forget Me Not :: Free Essays Online

Forget Me Not Freedom is not free. These powerful terminology resound in my mind as I admire the Korean War Memorial at the National Mall. Surrounded by several(prenominal) life size statues of soldiers in action I feel an remaining sensation. I am either overwhelmed by emotion or all told drained of it I cannot tell which. Staring into the smoky colored granite I see mavin thousand faces glaring back at me. At one instance I see the faces of thousands of soldiers faces reflected back to me. Seconds later, I state I can see the faces of one thousand bury children spirit deep into my eyes. These children of the war silently scream of one thousand unalike stories that have been forgotten or brushed aside for decades now. Abruptly, the children vanish and erstwhile again I see the soldiers, only now they are indignant. They sputter at me with strong voices, No, this was our forgotten war. We are the truly forgotten However, I disagree. These soldiers, now veterans, have earned this monument and have had their voices and stories heard. Yet, these children of the war, both Korean and Ameriasian, who grew up in Koreas post war era of the 50s and 60s are the truly forgotten. They are forgotten because virtually no one realizes what their lives were like growing up hence, no one recognizes the hardships and battles that many of these children faced. To fully understand these forgotten children of the war one must first listen to their story. The Knife It is late one sunshine afternoon and Mrs. Sook Kyung Song is in the kitchen busily preparing dinner for her family. Mrs. Song scans the reappearance for her favorite injure and finds it oddly misplaced in a aspect among several newer ones. Her favorite knife lies dully amidst a gleaming Cutco collection like a fallen star among blazing planets. Mrs. Song rescues her knife from the others and course grasps the handle like she has countless times before. The knife naturally molds to her han d, like an extension of her body. Slowly beginning to chop, she finds comfort in the knife, on with a sense of reassurance and humility that she has carried all of her life. Watching my mothers careful movements, I hesitate for a moment before outpouring her with questions.

Tony Kronheiser :: essays research papers

Tony KronheiserTony Kornheiser is the self-admitted opinionated, sarcastic sports and style editorialist for The Washington stead. Kornheisers purpose is not to report to thereader an objective nib of a sporting blusht, however rather to contribute humor totopics that depart in topic from the Washington Redskins ("Its Now an Off-RoadVehicle," November 5, 1996) to his lunch-time set out the other day ("In aReal Fix," November 3, 1996). Kornheisers diction, poetic language, andtone make his columns what they are. Often, diction, figurative language, andtone are not common in the journalistic world, but Kornheisers humor finds roomfor them.Tony Kornheisers sarcasm is almost entirely related to his diction. Hecontains the skills to take something as insignifi drive outt as a restaurant changingon him unexpectedly and reports about it so that the common firearm can relate. Heis The Washington Posts Jerry Seinfeld. He blends the slang of the street manwith the po etic verbs and fluid adjectives of an English teacher. For example,in "In A Real Fixe," Kornheiser says, "George was line of descent to suspect that wehad entered (doo-doo, doo-doo). . . The Nouvelle Dining geographical zone." Most people whohave watched the Twilight Zone before can relate this statement as a credit entryto the famous TV show, so Kornheisers slang was effective in grabbing thereader, even if a large majority of them have no idea what the account book "nouvelle"means. Kornheiser uses an array of much(prenominal) adjectives throughout his pieces but hedoes not defecate to be above his readers. He fills his work with colloquialspeech such as his references in "Its Now an Off-Road Vehicle" to otherWashington Post columnists such as Michael Wilbon, and to his "RedskinsBandwagon." (The Redskins Bandwagon was a common phrase used by WashingtonRedskins fans when the team won the Superbowl in 1991). Kornheiser assumes thatthe rea der is familiar with him, and that is set down in his informal diction thatis used with the reader. It is almost to the point of a friendship, as though acoworker was letting off his steam at work during a lunch break.Kornheisers figurative speech also add to his style quite well. Theblend of diction and figurative speech is intelligibly as Kornheiser uses several localallusions in his metaphors and similes that add to his "common man" image. Forexample, in "In a Real Fixe," Kornheiser compares the look of a hostess panorama toone of a nurse at St. Elizabeths, a local mental hospital. In that samearticle he also compares his whole experience to "going down into the Metro and

Its Time to Put an End to Junk Mail :: Postal Service Letters Essays

Its Time to depute an End to Junk Mail It is another Wednesday morning, and I am over again sitting at the front desk of my dormitory at 9 am. The US Postal Service just delivered todays mail, and the other Wednesday-morning deskworker and I be preparing to assay for names, check letter box numbers, sort the mail, and place it into mailboxes. I hate functional the mail shift, but I do it because I get nonrecreational nine dollars an hour for relatively brainless work. Even though I lose a few hours of sleep, I get some redeeming(prenominal) laughs and entertainment in return, especially on a day deal today when an array of catalogs stocks two entire mail bins. After tierce years at this job, I continue to be amazed at both the number of catalogs certain people receive and the type of items that disregard be acquired through a catalog. Take, for example, Resident Jane get-up-and-go, who gets J. Crew, L.L. Bean, Ann Taylor, Victorias Secret, Pottery Barn, B ed & tubful and Beyond, and Staples catalogs, each of which arrive on average once per month. Residents like Jane Doe are notorious amongst deskworkers for the volume of mail they receive, and their room numbers are firmly imprinted on our brains because we have looked them up so many times. I can ever tell when residents like Jane Doe have been aside for a long weekend, because their mailboxes become so packed that they cannot hold as yet iodine additional piece of mail. Of course, 80% of the mail in her mailbox consists of catalogs and other junk mail. The companies themselves contribute greatly to the number of catalogs these residents receive. Jane Doe in all probability purchased one item from J. Crew through mail order or at a J. Crew store, and as a result, she will always receive catalogs from J. Crew at this address, even after she has moved outdoor(a) from this dorm. Furthermore, the fact that she receives other clothing catalogs may also be attributed to this one purchase. Since its already almost two months into the semester, I do not judgment this never-ending stream of catalogs as much because I can broadly identify the residents who do not reside in my dorm building anymore and can quickly sort through their mail.

Christine de Pizan :: Essays Papers

Christine de Pizan Perhaps what Christine de Pizan found approximately alluring in Jeanne dArc was her eagerness to go, not only where no fair sex had gone before, but where no man had worn the path squander either she was not only the first woman to lead France in War, but the first person under 19 to do so. She experience that which had hitherto not been discovered or known, a qualification Christine gives to women whom take for claim to great feats (herself included) in her Reply to Lady Reason from THE hand OF THE CITY OF LADIES. Unlike Christine, Joan had faced adversity early on in the form of her p bents who wished to force a husband upon her. While (respectively) Christines father was support her classical education, which would later help support her own children, Joan was on rivulet against her parents for refusing to marry. At 15, Christine married a court secretary, Etienne de Castel. At 17, Joan led France into battle. The cardinal seem to have nothi ng in common but that they are both French women. At 25, however, Christines hatful changed. She too had to fight for her rights in the French courts after her father, Tommaro di Benvenuto da Pizzano, died in 1380 (or 85, depending upon the source). Her husband died five or ten years later in 1390, leaving her estates along with those her father had left, both of which the French government would have liked to take from her in the lawsuits (lasting five years) following his death. Of this, she writes, in MUTATION OF FORTUNE, that by abandoning her with three children, fortune forced her to rely on her literary skills to support her family, thus transforming her economic consumption in society into a mans, allowing her to fight for her own rights as a woman. Moreover, in VISION, written in 1405, she argues that if her husband had lived, she sould never have had literary success. The three most apparent themes in Christines life and works womens rights, policy-making et hics, and religious devotion- also explain her draw to Jeanne dArc, whose first and last experiences with Frances discriminatory system, as well as her millitary experiences, encapsulate all of these themes.

Abortion Must be Illegal Essay -- Argumentative

Oliver Wendell Holmes was born on present 8, 1941 and died on March 6, 1935. He was a vigorous political figure during his life time. He served as associate justice in the US Supreme courtyard from 1905 to1982. He was a great political philosopher of his days and his ideas are even-tempered remembered.According to Holmes, the nature of legal address can obscure and get across the social interests and social payoffs to nearly that a virtue promotes. Holmes view astir(predicate) legal diction is that right promotes social goodness for people and the manner in which the language of law is interpreted can be a block to providing equal justice to all human beings. Holmes says the rendering of law even ups it hard for others to actually enjoy the benefits law provides to all mankind. Holmes classifies the exposition of law into rhetorical theory. He emphasizes that a law which is constructed as a principle or in a statute form reduces the likelihood of change. Again he says the language of law when interpreted tends to define or apply to only specific behavior or situation at a specific time. Legal language is constructed in complex forms that make it difficult for people without the knowledge of the laws to interpret their meaning. In addition, the language of law always depends on fixed interpretation. In actual sense, if a law is not interpreted and therefore is not in statutes or has not being generally considered as a law then, no unrivaled can be considered a criminal for that aversion. Though in reality, that offense may be morally wrong but it is yet to be discovered and entered as a legal principle thus, representing the prediction of the early consequences. Holmes further says that the interpretation of the law in a universal theory as morally obligate... ..., Holmes says legal language should be establish on amendment or changes to suit current situations and not be measured from nonagenarian or fixed legal principles.Indeed, Holmes t heory that the nature of legal language can obscure the social interests and hide the social advantage to some that a law promotes is a very important philosophical thought. The occurrence is that legal language denies some people the right to social advantage or equal justice. For this reason, we should look at laws as they ought to be based on current situations at hand. We should not be predominantly obligated to follow fixed statutes as if they are holy books that have been give down to us from our predecessors and therefore, cannot be altered or amended. Legal language should be used to serve the interest of current social treads and we should not favor legal rhetoric and traditions over change.

Overpopulation Causes Social Problems Essay -- Cause Effect Environmen

How Overpopulation Causes Social ProblemsIntroduction The hearty occasion of this paper is to demonstrate how overpopulation causes friendly problems. To do so you must lodge in numerous things into consideration, such(prenominal) as different views of racial problems and conflicting definitions of a affable problem. Social problems can be defined in more different ways. They effect everyone and some of us encounter problems everyday as a result of our race, religion, gender, or low income. Others experience problems from technological permute or declining neighborhoods, others are affected directly by crime and ferometropolis in their own neighborhood, and some sentences definitions of social problems are changed by partnership because of changes around you. Finally in order to achieve the purpose of this which is to interpret and discuss different issues and situations that cause social problems such as poverty. Overpopulation and social problems go hand and hand in toda ys baseball club and there are some(prenominal) reasons and factors as to why these problems make it. Factors that lead to overpopulation that causes social problems are the increase in the number of single mothers in unequal neighborhoods opposed to the decline in birth rates in the much efficient parts of the country, how the death rate is at a still decline because of medical advances in rich and poor countries, the effects immigrants experience on an environment and the population put upth that occurs, the influence parents leave on children, and what is being done to help pr thus fart the spread of AIDS because this is a deadly disease which is lowering our population exactly causing many social problems. Elements of a Social Problem There are overly elements that make up a social problem. One of these elements is that they cause material or mental injury to individuals or society (Carter p16) which means that sometimes people may permanently suffer before any acti on is taken to solve the problem because everybody thought it was non that big of a deal until sometimes permanent or short term damage has occurred. Another element is they offend the values or standards of some reigning segment of society (Carter p16) which means no matter what you do mortal will always take offense against your actions because everyone has different views and values and what is measurable to some may not be to others. Another element is that they tack on for an ... ... is always a good future ahead and sometimes it is not always the parents blame. I also asked her opinion of the topic of my paper and if she thinks overpopulation is the principal(prenominal) reason for social problems. She said that social problems are caused by many factors not just one and from her experience that in inner city areas where the population is higher there seem to be more problems that exist compared to an urban neighborhood where the population is lower.ConclusionIn Conclus ion social problems will always exist because social problems change as time changes. We often tend to overlook what we call necessities others call luxuries. Therefore in the future I hope social problems will become non-existent but that is pretty much impossible. I also feel that poverty is a huge problem we face as a world and that even though it is impossible to solve this problem, we must look at it as an ongoing problem and do our best to help solve this problem. In final I feel that overpopulation with a couple other factors such as diseases, young pregnancies, and the one that I think has the most importance is the environment you grow up in helps shape you into the person you grow up to be.